PATRICE LUMUMBA: INTWARI YA RDC N'AFRIKA KUMYAKA 34 GUSA

Uyu mukongomani yavutse kuwa 2 Nyakanga 1925 i Katakokombe muri RDC za kwitaba Imana kuwa 17 Mutarama 1961. Mu 1958, igihe ibihugu byinshi muri Afrika byashakaga kwigobotora ingoma z'abakoroni niho Patroce Lumumba wari uvuye muburoko ashijwa kujyereza amafaranga yaba koroni ba Babiligi yakoreraga akazi ko kwandika no gukwirakwiza impapuro z'amatwara y'ishyaka rya Liberal Party Belgium ryakwirakwizaga ibitekerezo by'Abakoloni; yashinze ishyaka rya Mouvement National Congolais (MNC) ndetse anaribera umuyobozi.

Nyuma yo guhurira n'indi mpirimbanyi mubw'Ubwigenge bwa Afrika(Pan-Africanism) wari Perezida wa Ghana Kwame Nkrumah mu Gushyingo 1958 iya Accra muri Ghana; Patrice Lumumba yasubiranye muri Congo umugambi wo kwigobotora abakoloni ba Babirigi, maze mu Kwakira 1959 ategura imyigaragabyo yo kwamagana ubukoroni mu mugi waStanleyville(Kisangani yubu) yaje kugwamo abagera kuri 30 maze nawe arafatwa acibwa igifungo cy'Amezi 69 muburoko aho cyagombaga gutangira kuwa 8 Mutarama 1960. Nyamara kuri uwo munsi niho inama( round-table conference in Brussels) yagombaga guterana ikemeza ahazaza ha Congo. Ariko mbere gato mu Kuboza 1959, habaye amatora ndetse ishyaka rya Lumumba MNC ritsinda rifite ubwiganze bwo kurwego rwo hejuru. Ibibyatumye bashyira igitutu kuri Leta, maze Lumumba ararekurwa yitabira iyo nama.

Inama yarangiye yemeje ubwigenge bwa Conga kuwa 30 Mutarama 1960 babutangaza kumugaragaro, bemeza amatora yagombaga kuba hagati ya 11 na 16 Gicuransi 1960. Ishyaka rya MNC rwongeye gutsinda maze rishyiraho Guvernoma ihagarariwe na Patrice Lumumba nka Ministiri w'Intebe naho Joseph Kasa-Vubu aba Perezida. Umunsi w'ubwigenge wijihijwe kuwa 30 Nyakanga 1960; maze ubwo Perezida Kasa-Vubu yashimiraga umwami Bedouin w'ababiligi warumaze kuvuga ijambo; Lumumba utari uri kuri gahunda yokuvuga ijambo uwo munsi atungurana avuga ijambo rikomeye agira ati:
"Kubw'Ubwigenge bwa Congo; Nubwo tubwizihiza none hamwe n'Ububiligi, igihugu cy'inshuti dufata nka mugenzi wacu tungana; Ntamunya Kongo ukwiye kwitwa iryo zina wagakwiye kwibagirwako tubugezeho nyuma y'intambara twatsinze

IBYO LUMUMBA YAKOZE NKA MINISTIRI W’INTEBE

Nyuma y’iminsi mike Congo ibonye ubwikenge, Lumumba yafashe icyemezo gikomeye cyo kongera imishahara y’abakozi ba Leta ariko ukuyemo abasirikare. Mugisirikare kandi hari harimo ikindi kibazo cyoko abasirikare bakuru benshi bari biganjemo Ababiligi; barangajwe imbere na General Emile JENSENS utarifuzagako byahinduka nyuma yokubona ubwigenge. Ibyo byatumye habaho imyagaragabyo yabasirikari mubice byinshi by’igihugu, ndetse bigaruka cyane mubinyamakuru mpuzamahanga kubera umubare munini wanyamahanga bahungaga Congo kubera ikibazo cy’umutekano.

Muri ako kavuyo Intara ya Katanga iyobowe na Moïse Tshombe yatangaje ubwigenge bwayo kuwa 11 Nyakanga 1960 ishyigikiwe n’ Ababiligi n’amasosiete yacuragayo amabuye yagaciro nka Union Minière. Nubwo ONU yohereje ingabo ntago byahagaritse intugunda kuko izo ngabo ntago zemeye guhagarika ukwigenga kwa Katanga. Bityo Lumumba yafashe icyemezo cyo kwaka Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyete (URSS) ubufasha bw’intwaro, ibiryo, imiti, imodoka n’indege byogutwara ingabo I Katanga. Ibyo byateye guhangayika ibihugu nka USA yari ikiri muntambara y’Ubutita na URSS; bikaba arinabyo bituma benshi bakeka ko CIA yaba yaragize uruhare murupfu rwe kuko bamufataga nk’Umukominisite.

IKURWA K’UBUTEGETSI N'IYICWA RYA LUMUMBA

Mukwa cyenda 1960, Lumumba yananiwe kumvikana na President Kasa-Vubu; bituma buri wese yirukana undi. Lumumba ashyigikiwe naba Senateri yatangajwe nka President mushya ariko Kasa-Vubu akomeza gushyikirwa n’Abadepite.

Kuwa 14 z’ukwacyenda, Colonel Joseph MOBUTU yateye coup d’état akuraho Lumumba na Kasa-Vubu. Lumumba yafungiwe iwe. Yagerageje kucikira I Stanleyville ariko aza gufatwa ataragerayo kuwa 1 Ukuboza; maze agarurwa Kinshasa(yitwaga Léopordville) ahambiye n’ingoyo.
Kuwa 17 Mutarama 1961, yajyanywe I Lubumbashi yari igice cya Katanga muri icyo gihe aho yafungiwe muri Brouwez House maze akorerwa iyica rubozo nabasirikare b'Ababiligi mu gihe Perezida Tshombe yarakiga icyo yamukorera.
Ni joro yaje kujyanwa ahiherereye maze araswa urufaya bitegetswe nabayobozi ba Katanga; nyamara impapuro zari zaragizwe ibanga zagaragajeko umugambi wo kumwivugana wari wateguwe na CIA maze ikifashisha abayobozi ba Katanga.

Ntatangazo ry'urupfu rwe ryigeze rishyirwa ahagaragara kugeza nyuma y'ibyumweru bitatu; aho urupfu rwe rwakurikiwe nimyigaragambyo mubice bitandukanye by'Isi nka Belgrade muri Yugoslavi, London mu Bwongereza na New York muri USA.
URUHARE RW'AMAHANGA MW'IYICWA RYA LUMUMBA

1. UBUBILIGI: mugihe kiraswa rya Lumumba bivugwako abamurashe bari bahagarariwe na Captain Julien Gat hamwe na Komiseri wa Police Verscheure bose ba Babiligi ari nabo batanze itegeko ryanyuma ryo kurasa. Umurambo wa rumumba wabanje gushyingurwa hafi yaho yarasiwe ariko uza gutabururwa kuwa 21 Mutarama kwitegeko rya Police Commissioner Gerard Soete n'umuvandimwe we kugirango ajye gushyingurwa muri Northern Rhodesia(Zambia). Bongeye gutaburura umurambo wa Lumumba  maze bawucamo ibice bawushyira muri acide ngo iwushongeshe.

2. USA: KW'itegeko ryuwari Perezida wa USA Dwight D. Eisenhower, CIA yabayaragerageje kumwikiza hakiri kare aho bari bateganyije mukumurogera mu muti w'amamenyo(toothpaste) ariko uwo mugambi uza kuburizwamo n'uwari uhagarariye CIA muntara ya Katanga wanze gutanga itegeko rya nyuma. Uwari uhagarariye CIA muri Elizabethville yafashije cyane mw'itabwamuriyombi no koherezwa mu banzi be bi Katanga igihe Lumumba yari yhungiye mu ntara ya  Elizabethville.
Irahira rya President John F. Kennedy wa USA kuwa 20 Mutarama 1961 ryaba ariryo ryatumye Lumumba yicwa igitaraganya kuwa 17 Mutarama kuko CIA yikangagako Kennedy aramutse agiye kubutegetsi Lumumba akiri muzima yakwemera gukorana nawe no kumurinda. Bityo ni nayo mpamvu President John F. Kennedy yaba yaramenyeshejwe urupfu rwe bitinze, kuwa 23 Ugushyingo.

3. UBWONGEREZA: Baroness Park of Monmouth wari warigeze kuba umwofisiye mukigo cy'ubutasi MI6 cy'Abongereza i Leopoldville(Kinshasa) yemeyeko nabo bagize uruhare mu gutegura urupfu rwa Lumumba.

UMURAGE WA LUMUMBA

We must move forward, striking out tirelessly against

imperialism. From all over the world we have to learn

lessons which events afford. Lumumba's murder should be

a lesson for all of us.

— Che Guevara, 1964

Patrice Lumumba yamaze iminsi 81 gusa ari Ministeri w'Intebe muri Congo ariko yasize impinduka zigaragara kugeze nubu muri Politike ya Congo. Yaharaniyeko ubutegetsi bwe buba budashingiye kubitekerezo bukomora kubanyamahanga "positive neutralism," ahubwo ko bw'iganzamo kugaruka kunganagagaciro nyafurika. Ikindi kandi yahakanye yivuye inyuma ko ibitekerezo bye bitari bishingiye kw'Idini Gatorika cyangwa kuby'Abasoviyete (Soviet Union) maze mumagambo ye agira ati: 

"We are not Communists or Catholics. We are African nationalists."

Ishusho/Statue ya Lumumba i Kinshasa