IBIHUGU 10 BY’AFRIKA BIVUGA RIKIJYANA KURUSHA IBINDI

 Afrika n’umugabane ugizwe n’ibihugu mirongo 54. Ibi bihugu byose, uretse Morocco; bihuriye mumuryango wa Afrika Yunze Ubumwe “Africa Union”. Kunshuro yayo ya 27, inama ihuza ibihugu bw’ uyumuryango “Africa Union Summit” yateraniye mu Rwanda kuva tariki ya 10 kugeza 18 Nyakanga 2016 aho abakuru bibihugu bagera kuri 35 n'abahagarariye Guverinoma zabo baje I Kigali ndetse nabandi bashyitsi bakabakaba ibihumbi 4000.

Kubyiyo mpamvu KWISONGA nifuje kubagezaho urutonde rw’ibihugu bivuga rikijyana kurusha ibindi muri Afrika. Akenshi ibibihugu birangajwe imbere n’abaperezida bamaze kubaka amazina akomeye muri Politike ya Afrika, Ubukungu butajegajega ndetse n’umutekano. 

1. AFRIKA YEPFO

Afrika Yepfo nicyo gihugu cyonyine cy’Afrika kibarizwa muri G20 (Ibihugu 20 bikize kurusha ibindi) na BRICS (Ihuriro rigizwe na Brazil, Russia, India, China na Afrika Yepfo) kikaba ari nacyo gihugu cy’Afrika kiri mubihugu 10 bifitanye ubufatanye bwihariye mw’iterambere n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (the EU’s 10 global strategic partners). Ibi biterwa cyane nuko

Afrika Yepfo aricyo gihugu cyambere muri Afrika gifite ubuhahirane mubyubucuruzi n’ n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi kurusha ibindi; ari nacyo irusha Nigeria kurubu.
Amateka n’isura ya Nelson MANDELA hamwe n’ibikorwa byintashikirwa by’uwamusimbuye k’ubutegetsi, Thabo Mbeki, byafashije ikigihugu kongera ubukungu kurwego rwo hejuru kuva mu 1994; aho cyari gisohotse muntambara yamacakubiri azwi nk “Apartheid”.

Gusa mumyaka mike ishize, Afrika Yepfo ukwiyongera k’ubukungu kwaradindiye, bityo guhera 2014 Nigeria iyikura k’umwanya wambere w’igihugu gikize kurusha ibindi muri Afrika. Ibi ahanini ni ingaruka z’ibibazo bitandukanye byaranzwe mw’ishyaka riri kubutegetsi rya “African National Congress, ANC” bijyanye na ruswa, kunyereza umutungo, guhanganira ubuyobozi,… byose byateye igabanuka ry’ikizere abashoramari bagirira ikigihugu. Ariko ibyo ntibikurahoko kikiri igihugu kigihangange muri Afrika ndetse no kw’Isi, doreko umubano wacyo n’ibindi bihugu uba udafitiye akamaro Afrika Yepfo gusa ahubwo nabyo bibyungukiramo cyane.

2. ETHIOPIA

Munzego zose ntagihugu ushobora kubona cyubashwe muri Afrika kurusha Ethiopia; sikubwimpamvu z’ubukungu gusa ahubwo ifite igitinyiro ntagereranywa kubw’impamvu z’amateka, ubwigenge (ntikigeze gikoronizwa), igisirikare, imiyoborerwe, imibanire n’ibindi.

Ethiopia yatsinzwe abakoloni b’Abataliani I Adwa, bityo yereka abanyafrika ko n’abirabura bashobora kubwira Oya! Abanyaburayi. Ethiopia (hamwe naba Russia) ntiyigeze iyoborwaho/yigarurirwa n’ubutegetsi bw’ikindi gihugu mu mateka yayo; agahigo irusha nibindi bihugu nka USA(yategetswe n’Abongereza) na UK(yigeze kwigarurirwa n’ubwami bw’Abaromani). Ethiopia kandi igira kalendari yayo ihera mu ntangiriro, inyandiko n’inyuguti (Alphabets) zayo yihariye. Igira kandi igira idini rya Gikiristu ridakomoka kandi ritigishijwe n’Abanyaburayi. Muri make Ethiopia ni ikimenyetso cy’Ubuzima bwihariye bw’Umwirabura ari naho hakomotse imyumvira ya “Rastafari.”

Kuva mu 1940, Ethiopia yari ifite ikigo k’indege zitwara abagenzi “Ethiopia Airways” nikibuga cyazo; mugihe abandi bari kungoyi y’ubukoloni Ato Alemayehu w’umunya Ethiopia yabaye umwirabura wambere watwaye indege. Umwirabura wo muri Afrika wambere watsindiyi umudali wa Zahabu mu mikino Olympic yabaye Abebe BIKILA mu 1950; aho yawutwaye yirukankisha ibirenge (ntakweto) mu mihanda ya Rome.

3. EGYPT

Ikigihugu cy’Abarabu gifite amateka y’imiyoborere no kuba igihugu mbere yibindi byose byo kw’Isi (first Human Civilization). Cyongeye kubana ubwigenge kigobotoye Abongereza mu 1953; mbere yibindi bihugu byose byo muuri Afrika birimo Algeria, Nigeria cyangwa Afrika Yepfo. Kuva icyo gihe, politike n’ubukungu bwa Egypt byagiye birangazwa imbere n’ingufu zacyo za gisirikare ziza kumwanya wa mbere muri Afrika. Nubwo kiri mubihugu bifite ubukungu bwinshi kandi bushingiye kubintu byinshi muri Afrika no Muburasirazuba bwo Hagati, imyaka ishize yararabushegeshe kuva ubwo imyigaragambyo yabaturage mu bihugu by’Abarabu (Arab Spring) yakuraga perezida Hossin Mubarak kubutegetsi mu 2011.

Imyubakire yabanya Egypt ndetse nubukorikori bwabo bir mubirango bya Egypt kurwego mpuzamahanga; mugihe kugeza nubu bigikomeye kwigana no gusobanukirwa n’imyubakire yaza Pyramids ziboneka muri iki gihugu n’imyandikire yabo(Hieroglyphs) . Ibihangano nka “Cleopatra’s Needles” ubisanga I London, Paris na New York aho biba byaratwawe nkiminyago n’abakoloni cyangwa nk’impano.

4. KENYA

Kenya ifite umubare munini w’abantu bashoboye gukora kurusha abindi muri afrika. Nicyo gihugu kigizwe  n’abaturage bize kurusha ibindi muri Afrika; kandi kikaba aricyo kirusha ibindi mwitekoranabuhanga hano kumugabane (ICT hub). Kenya irangwa niterambere mu myubakire ryihuta  cyane murwego rwo gusatira ibindi bihugu nka Afrika Yepfo n’ibindi bihugu bya muri Afrika y’Abarabu. Mu 2015, cyatowe muri hamwe muhantu heza ho guturwa kw’Isi bigendeye kubikorwa  by’ubutabazi gitanga kubugarijwe n’amakuba atandukanye.

Kuri ibyo hiyongeraho kugira ubukungu buteye imbere mukarere ko muburasirazuba bw’Afrika ndetse n’icyambu gikomeye cya Mombasa.

5. MOROCCO

Morocco nicyo gihugu cyonyine kitabarizwa mu muryango w’Unze Ubumwe bw’Afrika, ariko kimaze kuba urubuga rwiza ku bigo by’ubucuruzi bishaka gaushora imari muri Afrika no kugera kw’isoko ry’Afrika. Ibi biterwaa cyane n’imiterere y’iki gihugu kuko kegeranye cyane n’Uburayi bitandukanywa na kilometer zotagera kuri 20 z’inyaja ya Mediterane. Ibindi ni politike itajegajega no kugira abaturage bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora no guhanganira umurimo (Competitive Workforce).

Mugihe mubindi bihugu by’ Abarabu byaranzwe n’imyigaragabyo y’abaturage(Arab Spring) yashegeshe ubukungu, Morocco yarabyirinze ahubwo ikomeze guteza imbere igitekerezo cyayo cyo kugaragara nk’ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi rya mbere muri Afrika. Mu rwego rwo kubigeraho, harimo gutezimbere ibigo by’ubumenyi bw’ikirere (Aeronautical Industry) bituma kinjiza amamillioni kuva 2010 ava mubashoramari bava muri Amerika n’ Uburayi.

6. NIGERIA

Nigeria nicyo gihugu gifite ubukungu bwinshi kurusha ibindi muri Afrika kiba ari nacyo gituwe kurusha ibindi (umubare mwinshi w’abaturage); cyaranzwe no kuyoborwa n’ingoma ya gisirikare mugihe kimyaka 33 guhera cyabona ubwigenge mu 1960. Ubukungu bwa Nigeria bushingiye ahanini kubucukuzi n’ubucuruzi bw’ibiikomoka kuri Peteroli; butuma ibindi bice nk’ubuhinzi, ubworozi, inganda, ubukera rugendo,etc bidaterimbere nubwo Leta yagiye ishyiramo imbaraga; 90% yibyo Nigeria yohereza mu mahanga biracyafite aho bihuriye n’ibikomoka kuri Peteroli.

Nubwo ari igihugu giteye imbere, uruhare rwacyo kurwego rw’Afrika no kurwego mpuzamahanga biracyazitirwa n’intugunda muri Politike ya Nigeria zishingiye kumoko, iyobokamana n’ubusumbane mu mibereho yabaturage. Ruswan’imiyobirere itari myiza nabyo biracyari ikibzo, kiyongera k’umutwe w’itwaje intwaro ujyendera kumahame akarishye ya Islam; BOKO HARAM. Icyegeranyo cya Transparency International “Corruption Perceptions Index” cyashyize Nigeria kumwanya 136 mu bihugu 175; ukaba ari umwanya uri hasi cyane ujyereranyije nibindi bihugu 5 twavuze hejuru.

Gusa kubijyanye n’ubukungu, ntagihugu cy’Afrika cyahiganwa na Nigeria muri ikigihe nubwo igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri Peteroli byahungabanyije bikomeye ubukungu bwa Nigeria mu 2015; imibare ikaba yerekanako mu 2040 Nigeria izaba ifite ubukungu bugera kuri Trillion 4.2 by’Amadolari y’Amerika. Aho bigenze uko integuza mubukungu zibyerekana, mu 2040 Nigeria yaba ifite ubukungu buri kumwanya wa kane kw’Isi nyuma y’Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Ameerika (USA).

7. UGANDA

Igisirikare cya Uganda sicyo giteye imbere kurusha ikindi muri Afrika ariko cyagiye kigaragara cyane mugukemura amakimbirane kenshi guhera 1990, ubwo bamwe mubakigize bafashe iyambere mugushinga APR yahagaritse Genocide mu Rwanda, kurinda Abanyakenya mu makimbirane yo muri 2008, kurwanya Ex-FAR muri Congo, kujya mukurinda amahor muri Sudan Yepfo na Somalia.

Uganda yabaye igihugu cyambere cyo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara mugushyiraho impinduramatwara mubyubucuruzi mu mpera z’imyaka y I 1980 kugeza mu 2006 aho Uganda yari imaze kujyera kurwego k’ubukungu buhamye n’imiyoborere itajegajega. Kuva mumyaka 1990 kugeza 2010 ubukungu byabo bwagiye bw’iyongera kukigereranyo kirihati ya 6.5 na7 kw’ijana buri mwaka.

8. RWANDA

Ishyaka n’ “Agaciro” k’Abanyarwanda n’imiyoborere ihamye ya Perezida w’u Rwanda Paul KAGAME niyo mashine ituma urwanda rukomeje guterimbere. Wakwibaza uti bishoboka bite nyuma ya Genocide yo 1994? Ibi bikomoka kumahitamo Abanyarwanda bashyize imbere myuma yayo marorerwa aho bashyize imbere urukundo, ikizere, kubabarira, ubwiyunge, no kwitezimbere aho guhugira mu gahinda kwihorera, ruswa no kunyereza umutungo. Byinshi byarakozwe kuburyo ubu u Rwanda ruri mubihugu byambere byorohereza ishoramari.

Mu gisirikare u Rwanda rwagaragaje ko rufite igisirikare gikomeye cyane cyane ikirwanira kubutaka gishingiye cyane kuri Discipline. Nyuma yo kubohora u Rwanda no guhagarika Genocide, RDF na RNP  byagaragaye mu butumwa bwinshi bw’amahoro bwa UN nko muri Darfour muri Sudan, muri Central Africa, Haiti, etc aho buri gihe bagiye bigaragaza kurusha abandi.

9. ZIMBABWE

Zimbabwe migihugu gifite ubushobozi bwinshi butandukanye; gishobora kuba gifite ibibazo byinshi n’abaturage bari mu bukene ariko ntihagire uwibeshya ngo abe yasuzugura iki gihugu. Zimbabwe yashegeshwe cyane nibihano by’ubukungu yafatiwe na Amerika hamwe n’Abanyaburayi nyuma yaho Perezida Robert MUGABE yirukanye abanyabikingi babazungu mugihugu.

Zimbabwe ifite ubushobozi bwo kongera kuba ikigega cy’Afrika kuko nubwo ingamba za Leta ya Mugabe mubijyanye n’ubukungu zitabahiriye hari icyo irusha ibindi bihugu by’Afrika; aricyo kuba Atari isoko abanyaburayi bavomahi uko bashaka. Bivuzeko byoroheye Zimbabwe guterimbere ikoresheje umutungo wayo kamere, abaturage bize, igisirikare kiri kumurongo. Kuri ibyo hiyongeraho kuba ari igihugu gihana imbibe nibihugu bifite ubukungu n’ubushobozi bwo kuvamo isoko y’ibyakorewe mu gihugu. Muri ibyo harimo Afrika Yepfo, Angola, RDC na Mozambique.

Kuribyo ntitwakwirengagizako Perezida wa Zimbabwe ari umwe mubaperezida badatinya kuvuga icyo batekereza kuba Nyamerika naba Nyaburayi doreko uretse kuba yarafashije Zimbabwe kugera kubwigenge arumwe mubamaze igihe kinini kubutegetsi,imyaka 34, hakiyongeraho no kuba ariwe mu Perezida ufite impamya bushobozi nyinshi kurusha abandi (niwe perezida wize kurusha abandi kw’Isi).

10. ALGERIA

Kimwe na Egypt na Nigeria, igisirikare cya Algeria cyahugiye cyane mu bibazo bya Politike y’imbere mu gihugu kuva yabona ubwigenge mu 1962; yabonetse nyuma y’intambara ikomeye n‘Ubufaransa yamaze igihe cy’imyaka 8, igahungabanya ibihugu byombi. Perezida wayo muzehe Abdelaziz Bouteflika amaze gutsindira manda 4 zikurikiranya kuva m 1999.

Bitandukanye na Egypt, Algeria yakoze ibishoboka byose ngo yirinde ingaruka z’imyigaragabyo y’Abarabu.Arab Spring, yari yatangiriye mugihugu bahana imbibe cya Tunisia mu mpera za 2010. Ariko ibitero bya NATO muri Libya byo gukuraho Muammar Khaddafi mu 2011, byateye umutekano mucye mukarere byumwihariko k’umipaka yo muburasirazuba n’amajyepfo ya Algeria; aho ihanira imbibe na Libya, Mali, na Niger. Ubushyamirane na Morocco muburengerazuba byose byerekana ishusho y’igihugu kiri mugace karimo umutekano udahagije.

Nubwo ntabikorwa byo kugarura amahoro igisirikare cya Algeria kitabira, Algeria nicyo gihugu cyambere muri Afrika gishora amfaranga menshi mubikorwa bya gisirikare.